Naturalistic Movement Within Theatre Theatre Essay

Naturalistic Movement Within Theatre Theatre Essay After reading and researching into Raymond Williams quotation, this essay will produce the main outlines of the naturalistic movement within Theatre and how important it is in modern day society. The main outlines discussed in this essay are the social and technological change after the Restoration period, what is the content of naturalistic plays, the audiences response to naturalism and its future development and dominance within society today. At the end of the nineteenth centaury, naturalism became a revolt against previous conventions of theatre, and it strived to destroy everything the world thought was true; naturalism was the revolution of man. However, prior to this was both the Renaissance and Restoration periods; these both had a considerable impact on theatre. This essay will argue that without these generations of theatre, Naturalism could not of developed. The Renaissance period held Elizabethan Theatre, which composed of the most famous playwright even today, William Shakespeare however considered to being Shakespeares superior was Christopher Marlowe who was another successful playwright within the sixteenth centaury. The early plays of this period were performed almost anywhere, mainly courtyards and Inns. During the end of the sixteenth century, performances eventually advanced into being presented in established Theatres, as we know them today; the most famous of these early buildings being the Globe: This entailed daytime performances without lights or a stage curtain and very few, if any, props, thought the actors were dressed in rich costumes. There were no scene changes in the modern sense and the action moved fluidly from one scene to the next without an apparent break. (The Routledge history of literature in English: Britain and Ireland, 2001, p67) This contrasts competently to the major outlines of the naturalism movement, without the technological change of lighting through the nineteenth century naturalistic theatre would not have been possible to convey on stage. Before gas lighting and the limelight, the only light used with indoor theatres was candlelight, however many performances were presented outdoors in the daylight. Using only candlelight indoors would make it impossible to portray naturalism on stage. Another clear difference to where theatrical naturalism progressed from Renaissance theatre is through scenery and props. The Elizabethans used as little props as possible and relied on backdrops to convey a sense of place, however naturalistic theatre moved from backdrops to three-dimensional scenery and highlighted props as being highly important to make the space look real and lived in: August Strindberg, in his preface to Miss Julie, complained of canvas walls that shook when doors were slammed, and painted pots and pans on the walls instead of real ones. (The Cambridge guide to Theatre, 1995, p1096) Thus suggesting that when the curtains opened to these detailed naturalistic sets Strindberg wanted a reaction to occur from the middle class audience as it reflects their homes; the use of canvas within naturalistic performances wouldnt have given the audience anything to relate to. Another major contribution to the movement of Naturalism is the role of women. During the Renaissance period, it was unheard of for a woman to perform professionally on stage alongside men; young adolescent men would perform womens roles. Conversely, during the late seventeenth century, the beginning of the Restoration Period, Women began to act professionally in Theatres; without women performing on stage, naturalism could not have taken place. Another contrast before naturalism, is the restorations Pantomimes and Melodramas, these two genres are both established by stereotypical characters with exaggerated emotions. Pantomimes were hugely associated with cross-dressing and stock characters, singing songs and breaking down the fourth wall by talking to the audience. Melodramas were publicly taken more seriously although they to included stock characters and songs; naturalism advances away from these exaggerated performances and developed characters on stage. Characters were becoming more naturalistic, psychologically complex and were people the middle class audience could relate. However, it was not only the transition through the Renaissance and Restoration period creating Naturalism, but the influence of science and scientists: Its origin owes much to Charles Darwin and his theory of evolution, based in turn on his theory of natural selection. Darwin created context that made naturalism with its emphasis upon theories of heredity and environment a convincing way to explain the nature of reality for the late nineteenth century. (The Cambridge companion to American realism and naturalism: Howells to London, 1995, P47) Science explains human behaviour and this is why Darwins evolutionary theories are a big influence on Naturalism; his theories determine someones character through social environment and heredity. Sigmund Freud was also another influence of Naturalism; his studies excogitate human psychological behaviour and how humans function. Karl Marx also had an input to the movement; his studies were the economical and industrial analysis on society. Without these theories characters could not have developed in Naturalistic plays being written as well as performed. Naturalism became an atheistic revolt against previous theatre conventions; plays and performances contrasted from Renaissance and Restoration where they were solely devout, to being irreligious in the late nineteenth century. Naturalism sought to abolish what society believed and changed the revolution of man, society and morals. The four acknowledged playwrights who determined and developed theatrical naturalism are Henrik Isben, Anton Chekhov, August Strindberg and Emile Zola (Who was also a well established novelist in naturalistic literacy). Constantin Stanislavski helped intensify and direct these plays so the audience would encounter lifelike productions on stage. These distinguished playwrights composed scripts would consist of particular attributes. The first feature of these plays this essay is going to elaborate on is the use of contemporary issues within these naturalistic pieces such as contraception, womens rights, adultery, and sexual diseases, the key issue however is female identity within society. One clear example of this feature exists in Strindbergs preface to Miss Julie where he outlines his ideas for his play: The passionate character of her mother; the upbringing misguidedly inflicted on her by her father; her own character; and the suggestive effect of her fiancà © upon her weak and degenerated brain. (Miss Julie, 2006, Preface Ixxxix) The main theme of this play is the degeneration of women, and throughout the play, we see the different beliefs Miss Julies parents brought upon her upbringing and how they have torn her apart to being psychologically distracted. Her mother who was a highly obsessive feminist believing in equality between men and women and opposingly her father who brought her upon his own beliefs that women and men are not equal, that women are lower than men. Through the influence of Sigmund Freud and Darwin, Strindberg had a high interest in human psychology and evolutionary history; the scientific research on humans is another clear feature within naturalistic plays. Two relevant psychological paths are relevant to Miss Julie that are relevant to when Strindberg wrote this play, hysteria and feminine masochism. Women throughout this movement were being represented in a much different manner than during Restoration period; women became considered as sexually assertive and independent. Miss Julie i s clearly both sexually assertive and independent to a certain extent but she is psychologically preoccupied. With this, it is apparent to say that all naturalistic pieces of theatre include psychologically complex characters, which the actors themselves are required to understand. The actors performing naturalistic plays would have researched through subtext and the text to find out who their characters are and how they can run the character through their own emotions. Stanislavski had an acknowledged impact of directing the actors through the Stanislavski system whilst producing naturalistic plays: While he himself was often at pains to demonstrate that his system was not limited to naturalistic plays, Stanislavskis theory and practice clearly articulated a response to the development of naturalism as a major movement in Western drama. (The purpose of playing: modern acting theories in perspective, 2006, p37) Gordon expresses that Stanislavskis theories linked and worked better with naturalism, and through his methods, he helped to influence the naturalism movement. Another feature of naturalistic theatre is the detail of sets, each of the playwrights set out to mirroring the bourgeoisie audience; as noted earlier on in the essay, the sets were to be three-dimensional without the use of painted backcloths. The directions for how the set is to be on each scene is outlined with as much detail as possible within the scripts: A large kitchen, the roof and side walls of which are concealed by drapes and borders. The rear wall rises at an angle from the left; on it, to the left are two shelves with utensils of copper, iron and pewter. (Miss Julie, 2006, p3) It is clear to see from the beginning of a very long detailed extract on the stage setting that everything has to be as it is written in the script. Strindberg would not have written such detailed descriptions of the scenery if he had no reason, and his reason was to represent and mirror the middle class audiences homes. He directly points to which materials should be used and how things are arranged on the stage; these props are meant to be there to make the life on stage as real as possible creating a tangible presence for the audience to watch. The bourgeoisie audience were middle or merchant class people known for their ownership of capital and related culture; they benefited out of capitalism. Naturalistic plays sought to mirror the bourgeoisies lives and homes on stage; capitalism became scrutinized. These audiences contrasted highly to the classical audiences of the Renaissance and Restoration theatre, the audiences became silent, as conventionally they would be today; there was no more booing and hissing within the audiences. Another attribute to the social classes within theatrical naturalism was the lower working class and social outcasts becoming the protagonists thus moving away from the aristocrat protagonists of classical drama. This can be argued in Miss Julie, as there are two protagonists both from different social backgrounds, the two being Miss Julie who is an aristocrat and Jean who is a lower class servant; despite their social status, they are both outcasts. When it comes to morality Jean is Julies superi or as he is a man and she is a degenerated woman. There is also a clear theme of family life; there was more emphasis on family than the wider society and characters were individualised and shown in their social and economical contexts. Miss Julie again clearly represents those naturalistic attributes and themes: There have been many family tragedies, and Julie is the Counts only heir; the family name will die with her. (Strindberg and the poetry of myth, 1982, p71) This suggests that there is no males in this play that control family life, and the familys fate is down to Julie. From this also arises the theme of female identity in society once again, and dramatises the deterioration of men as a dominating figure of society as well as their authority in the home. There have been playwrights and practitioners who have criticized naturalism, one of the most famous being Bertolt Brecht who has formed the practice of epic theatre. He disagreed with the illusion of reality on stage and he disliked Stanislavskis practices of staying close to the characters on stage in order to represent real life, and through his own theory, he believed in distancing the actor from the character using the verfremdungseffekt. Even in todays society, naturalism throughout the arts is still used vastly. Playwrights are still producing naturalistic performances, for stage, film and television. Raymond Williams quotation explores the main outlines of naturalism and through researching this I have discovered that before the naturalism movement there was minimal or no attempt to show a sense of place on stage or any development of character; Naturalism sought to explore what was real, real characters, real homes, real life.

Project Management E-Mail Essay

Our team was chosen by Mr. Wendell Deirelein, VP, to analyze three projects and give a recommendation of what company, Piper Industries Corp., should invest in. Our recommendation will include our selected project, a description of the five phases of the project and the key deliverables. Piper Industries Corp needs a completed project that would generate revenue within 12 months for the Project Management Office’s. After much review and evaluation we have selected the Project Code name: Stargazer as the project for investment next week by Piper Industries Corp., The Stargazer project has a massive research, and development on their new widgets, the company has spent $450,000 on this product and an estimated to bring in $575,000. Stargazer will be implemented by using the feasibility study. The feasibility study shows that this project has been evaluated and analysis of the potential of proposed project. Although, this product is not in production yet an extensive investigation and research to support the process of decision- making. The strengths and weaknesses of this proposed venture, opportunities and threats to carry out this project for its success. The feasibility is the cost required and the values attain to be successful. The risk of completion this project on time is high which will generate revenue within the 12 months. Our team feels that Stargazer will be an innovative money maker for Piper Industries Corp. The five phases of project management need to be fulfilled for a successful project. We have reviewed each phase and found that the following in regards to the Stargazer  project. Project initiation was completed by the feasibility studies, this project was named and defined, sponsors and stakeholders are deciding if they want to participate in this project. During the project planning phase, Stargazer has developed a plan for cost, scope, time, quality, communication, resources, and risk. This project is this first of its kind in the industry, therefore Stargazer will be seen as a leader in the marketplace. In the Project Execution phase, the project deliverable is developed and completed. This phase along with the project monitoring and control phase go hand in hand and are performed simultaneously. In this phase status meetings, project development updates, status reports, performance reports and human resource development are completed. The stargazer project product life is forecasted to be seven years for this product. Measuring Stargazer’s project performance and progression, calculating key performance indicators for cost and time to measure the degree of variation if any and in which case corrective measures are done in the project monitoring and control phase. Stargazer project is forecasted to have an ROI of $300,000 for the first year; $550,000 the second year and $750,000 the third year. The final phase of the project management is the project closure, in this phase tasks such as making the delivery, relieving resources, reward and recognitions of all the team members and the termination of contractors that were involve in the project. Piper Industries Corp. will have a closure ceremony for the project we selected and recognize all team members that took part in the planning of Stargaze, Piper Industries Corp. will host a launch party to announce that we will invest in Stargazer’s new widget product to be introduced into the marketplace in June, 2015.

Definitions of Evidence Based Practice Essay Topics

Definitions of Evidence Based Practice Essay Topics The Argument About Evidence Based Practice Essay Topics Moreover, the customer knows of the progress of paper, and he is more pleased with the final result. Should you do, you'll be dismissed and your answer document won't be scored. Pick the table you would like to practice from the next. 1 case of this is 6 x 7, which is frequently supposedly tricky. Life After Evidence Based Practice Essay Topics The advantage of experiencing a degree in social work is that you're able to work in a vast selection of areas. It is a profession that requires a variety of emotional and psychological skills in addition to formal academic training. It is an incredibly meaningful career. It is a broad profession that intersects with several disciplines. Evidence Based Practice Essay Topics Options Providing clinical case management and psychosocial support demands a lot of organization and the capability to prioritize in line with the urgen cy of a customer's needs. An employee might have slightly different contractual stipulations of employment during the probationary period. It's essential to be clear and transparent in regards to the range of services which you can provide as their social worker. The significance of comprehensive and present training for community corrections practitioners can't be overemphasized. You'll also be speaking out for underrepresented societies and attempting to change poor social ailments. Evidence based practice was described as doing the proper things right and creating a culture in which good decisions are created. What's more, the question is well-built as it attempts to answer healthcare problems from a health viewpoint. Some varieties of question aren't best answered with these approaches and suitable evidence has to be found for these. You have to know each detail about NP practice in your statefrom signature authority to the quantity of CE hours needed for licensure and beyond. The precise process varies according to every jurisdiction. The rest of the papers remaining will want to be critically appraised. Create a study program, read practice hints, and prepare for your exam. Diagnostic questions demand a different approach since randomised controlled trials aren't in general an acceptable technique of investigation. On top of that, following your practice test, you are going to get personalized practice recommendations so it is possible to concentrate on what you missed. Instructions usually tell you to pick the very best answer. Explore our totally free ASWB review offered by Mometrix. In order to reach the perfect care for patients in the Emergency department it is crucial that their management is based upon the very best available evidence. Research utilization was created to deal with problems with using research leads to practice. Selecting the very best research study to deal with the issue is the third step of locating evidenc e in the EBP. The problem identified within this project proved to be a high degree of medication errors in the postpartum unit. In such situations a suitable diagnostic evidence based medicine filter may be used. Just how these studies have to be done in order to deliver reliable results is contingent on the illness and the therapy. Current evidence indicates the very best method to assess nonverbal adults for pain is to stick to an evaluation hierarchy. Especially if there are not any clear answers, doctors will need to understand the many options and their benefits and drawbacks, and openly discuss them with their patient. The Hidden Truth About Evidence Based Practice Essay Topics A weak statement will lead to a weak paper so you would like to give it your very best. In order to maintain a record of appraised topics an overview of the evidence is created in the kind of a very best evidence topic report (BET). When you have settled on a great research topic, the following thing you wish to form is a strong thesis statement. Term papers from the very best custom writing company in regards to term pap ers writing, our company is an actual leader in this region. Two sources are explored in the building of a BET. So, you may rest assured your term paper service is going to be delivered by means of a pro. When the subject search was completed and any vital filters are applied quite a few papers will fulfil the search criteria. Ultimately, a literature search is done in the proper source. On the flip side, GRV monitoring may be used to assess gastric tube location. On the tables diploma the questions are a little bit quicker than on the speed test, but should you receive all of them right you'll get your tables diploma. When the research gained widespread attention, using oxygen in incubators was reduced around the planet, putting a stop to the ROP epidemic. Answer the simple questions first, then return and answer the more challenging ones when you have time remaining on that test. The Unusual Secret of Evidence Based Practice Essay Topics Successfully managing and prioritizing the logistical facets of the job will be able to help yo u maximize the total amount of time you'll have on your schedule to supply meaningful services to your customers. There are various practice models that help determine the way social workers decide to aid people fulfill their objectives. If you're looking at work in the care business, you have to be in a position to totally commit to the hours, the individuals, and the business you work for. If you are searching for help in writing your research paper, you've come to the correct location.

Strategic Choice and Evaluation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1532 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Strategic Choice and Evaluation American Medical Response (AMR) is in business to provide pre-hospital services to private, public, county and municipal government entities. AMR was founded by Paul M. Verrochi an entrepreneur from Boston, MA. When Verrochi created AMR, he did not have any experience in the operation of an ambulance company. However, he was very successful in building companies into large organizations. Verrochi wanted to create the largest private ambulance provider, which he grew in to the first nationwide ambulance provider. In the 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s AMRà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s growth strategy was to acquire the strongest, best-managed ambulance providers in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“beachheadà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  markets and then expanding further to adjacent service areas by acquiring ambulance companies or by responding to request for proposals. Under this new strategy, AMR senior management would identify potential local targets for acquisition. The strategic method that an organization selects to operate determines the success of the organization. According to Favaro,Rangan,and Hirsh (2012) business strategy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“isthe result of choices to maximize long-term valueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (para. 1). This paper will evaluate the strategic alternatives available to AMR for future growth by identifying the best fitting generic strategy, and grand strategy for the organization. In addition, a series of recommend strategies will be outlined for AMR to potentially implement. Value Discipline Michael Treacy and Fred Wiersema,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  believe that strategies must center on delivering superior customer value through one of three value disciplines: operational excellence, customer intimacy, or product leadershipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Pearce Robinson, 2013). Each of the value disciplines are detailed below. Operational Excellence The operational excellence methodology is the first of the value disciplines which focuses on organizations providin g excellent customer service, timely delivery of services that encourage competitive market pricing. According to Pearce and Robinson (2013), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A company that follows this strategy attempts to lead its industry in price and convenience by pursuing a focus on lean and efficient operationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (p. 198). AMR can use this method to help in decreasing costs by using available lean methods designed for eliminating waste, further reducing overhead spending, service delivery improvements, staffing alignment with services, and services improvements as it relates to providing pre-hospital care. The method can also assist in monitoring of all spending activities and supplies that are used for patient care. Customer Intimacy The customer intimacy approach is the second in the values disciplines method. This approach seeks to develop long-term relationships between the organization and their customers by creating service loyalty. AMR can use this approach create ma de to fit services that are dependent on the service area, special coverage for events that are coordinated by the customer and community programs that teach individuals about safe tips. According to Pearce and Robinson (2013), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Customer-intimate companies are willing to spend money now to build customer loyalty for the long term, considering each customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lifetime value to the company, not the profit of any single transactionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (p. 198). AMRà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s use of this approach is in the tailoring of each the contracts to the individual customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s needs. Every community is different and requires different services that are provided to their communities. For example, AMR formed a swift water rescue team in Golden, CO due the needs of their customer. In another community AMR provides transportation to patrons that are intoxicated in a specialized van, which will transport them safely to location to sober up, at fracti on of the cost of an ambulance transport. The organization that decide to use this approach typically maintains a loyal customer following, with customer relationships that are productive and long standing. Customer that work with organizations using this approach also know that they can rely on the company to provide the best service. Product Leadership The product leadership approach is the last of the three methods of value disciplines which seek for the organization to be the forerunners of service innovation, therefore producing and creating quality services that appeal to the customer in the competitive market. Organizations use this method to promote, and market their services before their competitors or other entering the industry attempt to the take the lead. AMR is the industry leader in several services that are focused on pre-hospital care. One of these services is community paramedicine, which is certified paramedics with advance training whom can provided acute c are to patients in rural area in need of medical services, but have no other means of receiving this care. This approach is also considered the most competitive of the value discipline strategies however, it does comes with an advantage, and it is one of the leading elements needed in preserving and gaining a competitive advantages and sustaining future growth. Generic Strategy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Generic Strategy: a core idea about how a firm can best compete in the marketplaceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Pearce Robinson, 2013, p.195). The benefit of the generic strategy approach is that can be applied to organizations of all types and sizes. Many organizations implement the generic strategy for long term planning for a competitive advantage by using one of the three strategies; low-cost leadership, differentiation, and focus to help drive growth. Cost Leadership Strategy The cost leadership strategy strives to improve profit margins by reducing the costs of services while allowing th e organization to still charge market prices. This approach also focuses on increasing the market shares by lower pricing, further allowing the organization to continue to reach profits due to reduced costs. As with any business the goal is to minimize cost directly associated to the organization when providing the delivery of services. Differentiation strategy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Strategies dependent on differentiation are designed to appeal to customers with a special sensitivity for a particular product attributeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Pearce Robinson, 2013, p.197). This approach appeals to customers who prefer premium services and are looking for a service that is not offered by a competitor. Differentiation strategies focuses on its loyal customers and to often markets to a specific group, where money is not in short supply. The customer and internal expectations are of the uppermost quality and the differentiation approach accommodates those needs. Focus Strategy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Å“A focus strategy, whether anchored in a low-cost base or a differentiation base, attempts to attend to the needs of a particular market segment (Pearce Robinson, 2013, p.197). Organization that have a focus strategy often serve an isolated market, serving customers who have difficulty receiving the services or are need of a particular service. Grand Strategy The grand strategy approach serves as a long-term guide for all strategic business objectives. According to Pearce and Robinson (2011) Grand strategies, sometimes called master or business strategies, provide basic direction for strategic actions (p.200). There are 15 principal grand strategy approaches that may be adopted as a means to alternatives for achieving optimal success. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The 15 principal grand strategies are concentrated growth, market development, product development, innovation, horizontal acquisition, vertical acquisition, concentric diversification, conglomerate diversification, turnaroun d, divestiture, liquidation, bankruptcy, joint ventures, strategic alliances, and consortiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Pearce Robinson, 2013, p. 200). Depending the on the long term strategy, any one the strategies listed could serve an organization in achieving their long-term goals. Each of the prinical grand strategies have their strengths and weakness for which the organization will have to the risk and reward balance when implementing. Recommendations for America Medical Response AMR is the largest private ambulance provider in the United States, which includes operations in 40 states, including the District of Columbia. The ambulance industry is extremely fragmented, with over 15,000 public, private and not-for-profit service providers in the United States. AMRà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s vision is, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Our customers count on and appreciate our reliability, the quality of medical care we provide, our dedication to relationships that benefit all and the efficiency with which we operateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (American Medical Response, 2014). Because their vision their commitment to making a difference in the communities they serve, it is recommended that they implement the generic strategies that promotes low-cost leadership and service differentiation strategies. This recommendation is because of the differences in service areas AMR serves and the current health care economic outlook surrounding the Affordable Care Act. AMR operates in urban and rural settings, the low-cost leadership strategies will require unique preparation and planning in order to use low-cost advantages, especially in rural markets where health care is not readily available the community. The differentiation strategies will help AMR stand out from the more than 15,000 ambulance providers in the United States. Implementing these strategies will allow AMR effectively manage their services charge more competitive prices, increasing their profit margins and creating a competitive advantage over their competitors. Conclusion As identified in the paper an organization needs evaluate their strategies to further realize profitable growth. As each organization identifies their strategies, whether generic or grand, the process may need adjustments as they progress. The recommendations of low-cost leadership and service differentiation strategies to remain dominant private ambulance provider in the nation, with a competitive advantage over the competition and to maintain profitability in the future. Reference American Medical Response. (2014). American Medical Response, AMR the nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s leading medical transportation company. Index. Retrieved from https://www.amr.net Favaro,K., Rangan,K., Hirsh,E. (2012, May 29). Strategy: An Executiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Definition. Retrieved from https://www.strategy-business.com/article/cs00002?gko=d59c2 Pearce, J. A. Robinson, R. B. (2013). Strategic Management: Planning for Domestic and Global Competitio n (13th ed). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Strategic Choice and Evaluation" essay for you Create order